美国确诊破13000+例!扎克伯格对话美国“钟南山”,37分钟共话美国疫情防控(附视频&摘要稿)
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据约翰斯·霍普金斯大学数据,截至美东时间19日20时,美国新冠病毒确诊病例13680例,死亡200例,其中确诊病例数字几乎比25个小时前翻了一倍。有美国官员表示,随着检测的铺开,确诊病例还会快速增长。
据此前报道,截至美东时间18日19:00,美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学公布的实时疫情数据显示,美国累计新冠肺炎确诊病例为7769例,其中,118例死亡病例。确诊病例遍布全美,确诊人数最多的是纽约州,确诊2495例,死亡16人。其次是华盛顿州和加州,分别确诊1014例和751例。
疫情里, 中国人民从头到尾信任的人就是:84周岁的钟南山老爷子。无独有偶,在美国,也有一位老爷爷,为美国疫情奔波着。他的名字是:Anthony S. Fauci(安东尼·福奇),80周岁,美国联邦政府首席传染病专家、美国国家过敏和传染病研究所(NIAID)所长。
今天早些时候,Facebook创始人扎克伯格通过连线直播的方式专访了这位美国“钟南山”福奇博士,主要谈了当下美国疫情的严重性,以及应对措施,同时也提到了疫苗的研发进展等话题。
The interview came just hours after Zuckerberg announced he was going live with "the nation's top infectious disease expert involved in leading our government's response" during the coronavirus pandemic.
When asked by the Facebook CEO about the potential use of hotels as medical facilities, Dr Fauci said: "We need to think about that seriously Mark and prepare for it."
Dr. Fauci added: "Including universities - where students are not coming back - that is certainly another possibility to consider."
He said the use of hotels needs to be thought about more and stressed the need for hospitals across the US to delay and cancel elective surgical and medical admissions.
"That's the way you chew up a lot of resources - beds, masks, personal protective equipment," Dr. Fauci said.
Zuckerberg recalled how people are worried about the spike in hospital patients, the shortage of beds, ICU ventilators, and masks.
Dr. Fauci confirmed that whenever there's an outbreak - "a full blown explosive outbreak" - supplies become an issue.
He said: "Right now we have a strategic stockpile that has ventilators and tens of millions of face masks."
The medical expert said its important we get the Department of Defense to put in a "considerable number of ventilators" - just in case the national stockpile isn't enough.
Millions of respirator masks will be available, he said.
In regards to having enough hospital beds, Dr. Fauci said: "Its a possibility we might have a problem."
As a precaution, Dr. Fauci said: "Two navy ships are being mobilized to the new york area - in case they get overrun with lack of beds - so non coronavirus patients can be put on the hospital ship."
Some of the questions Zuckerberg asked came from Facebook users' comments.
In response to when is it ok to interact with others after being infected, Dr. Fauci explained two tests will be needed.
He said: "If you are positive - you have the virus in you, you got a nasal swab and you cultured the virus - in order to feel safe and go into society you have to have two positive separate tests, 24 hours apart."
Another asked if people can be long term carriers of the virus.
"All the evidence in other situations, indicate that once you are infected and you resolve the virus, you are not infected anymore, Dr. Fauci stated.
He projected that once someone gets infected and recovers, they will not get reinfected with this exact virus.
Dr. Fauci's Facebook interview comes days after he had not been seen at any recent White House conferences.
His disappearance prompted "Where is doctor Fauci?" to trend on Twitter.
美国“钟南山”安东尼·福奇博士
Anthony S. Fauci(安东尼·福奇)于1940年12月24日在美国纽约布鲁克林出生,是意大利裔美国人。其父亲在布鲁克林开了一家药店,全家人一楼经营药店,二楼自己居住。小的时候,Fauci就在药店里打杂,收钱、打包药、送药。小时候就读于天主教学校,高中就读于著名的瑞吉斯耶稣会高中(属纽约地区顶级私立学校,位于曼哈顿,离中央公园就5分钟距离)。
(左图Fauci家的药店 / 右图Fauci高中时还是篮球校队队长)
耶稣会教育目标是:“培养有原则的、价值导向的、为他人服务的人”。Fauci高中时就立下了成为一名医生的梦想。后本科就读于位于麻省的圣十字学院(私立大学,是麻省历史最为悠久的天主教耶稣会大学),后再进入康奈尔大学并于1966年获得医学学位,毕业后在纽约医院康奈尔医学中心实习。
Fauci在1968年加入位于马里兰州的美国国立卫生研究院(简称NIH:National Institutes of Health)的临床实验室(简称LCI:Laboratory of Clinical Investigation,隶属于NIAID:National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease美国国家过敏与传染病研究所)。1974年,他成为临床医学部主任,专门研究死亡率极高的自身免疫性疾病(autoimmune diseases)。作为该领域专家,Fauci经常与美国国家癌症研究所(简称NCI:National Cancer Institute)保持合作,因为很多癌症病人因为化疗(chemotherapy)而导致免疫系统受挫,更容易遭受机会性感染(opportunistic infection)。
(1987年的Fauci,向里根政府作有关治疗AIDs的报告)
众所周知,癌症患者在接受大量药物治疗的同时,虽然杀死了癌细胞,但自身免疫系统也会遭到严重破坏。Fauci发现,用小剂量治疗癌症的药物治疗他自己的患自身免疫系统疾病的病人们,既可以保护患者免疫系统,也可以避免受到机会性感染。最终,之前治不了的脉管症(vasculitis syndrome),包括结节性多动脉炎(polyarteritis nodosa)、肉芽肿性血管炎(granulomatosis with polyangiitis)、淋巴瘤样肉芽肿病(lymphomatoid granulomatosis)的治疗方案,在Fauci的努力下,取得重大突破性进展。
(1989年的Fauci,在新闻发布会上宣布用AZT药物可以有效延长艾滋病患者的生命)
1980年,Fauci成为新成立的免疫实验室主任。80年代全美、尤其是年轻人中,有相当多染上HIV病毒导致艾滋病。这是当时美国的一场公共卫生危机。
Goverment agencies were slow to respond to the crisis(政府部门没有及时行动)。当时第一批患者大多是同性恋男性或者通过静脉注射的吸毒者(intravenous drug users)。当时同性恋团体认为政府部门未及时行动的原因是对他们这个群体的歧视。
1984年,艾滋病疫情在美国达到顶峰。当时美国国家过敏与传染病研究所(NIAID)所长另有任命,于是Fauci成为了新所长。但他提出了个人要求:希望继续担任免疫实验室主任、希望能够继续救治病人。
因为他的新官衔,人们就开始认为他是联邦政府的代言人“face of the federal government”,一些艾滋病患者群体开始因为政府不力而公开抵制他。抵制者认为国家对有效药的研究进展太慢,导致很多患者不得不死去。
而Fauci没有畏缩,反而打开大门把抵制者请进门,加强沟通。他全国飞,与患者、抵制活跃分子、医生沟通,加速有效药试验进程。当时,NIAID还是NIH的一个小小的部门,全年预算也只有3.2亿美金而已。于是Fauci不遗余力地敦促白宫和国会为艾滋病研究增加财政预算。
(2003年,Fauci获美国成就学院最高荣誉金碟奖)
里根政府时,里根总统不愿意直面艾滋问题。但当时副总统布什跟Fauci关系不错。所以当1989年老布什上台时,他首先任命Fauci为美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)院长,只不过,Fauci拒绝了,因为他觉得自己在NIAID的工作更为重要。
在Fauci的持续努力下,美国研究出了一系列可以有效延长艾滋病患者寿命的药物(Importantly, NIAID research spearheaded by Fauci led to the development of a series of drugs that have made it possible for HIV-positive patients to live long and active lives, without developing full-blown AIDS.);同时,艾滋病患者如果用药降低了体内的病毒水平到无法测见的程度,那么其性伴侣可以免受病毒感染的危险( Also, today when a person takes anti-HIV drugs and brings down the level of virus in the body to below detectability by sensitive assays, the infected person cannot infect his or her uninfected sexual partner. ) This is referred to as “treatment as prevention”(治疗作为预防)。并且,如今,Fauci团队还在致力于研究艾滋病有效药、研发疫苗。
(2008年,小布什总统授予Fauci总统自由勋章 - 公民可获得的最高奖章)
自2001年911事件之后,全美对“生物恐袭”提高了警惕,Fauci团队也因此对可能有散播危险的传染病病毒展开预防性应对方案研究。
Fauci掌管NIAID20余年来,其经费是原来的1000倍之多。在小布什政府内,Fauci负责了“总统艾滋应急预案”并帮助非洲应对艾滋病的传播。
除了Fauci获得的不计其数的奖章之外,today Dr. Fauci is among the most highly cited medical researchers of all time. He is a listed author of more than 1,300 scientific publications and textbooks and is an editor of Harrison's Principles of International Medicine. (Fauci是世界上被引用次数最多的医学研究者之一。他同时又是1300多家科技期刊及教科书的作者,也是《哈里森感染病学》编辑。)
(当然,今年的COVID-19自然也少不了Fauci的身影)
In 2020, as concern mounted over the spread of the novel coronavirus COVID-19, Dr. Fauci again took the lead in mobilizing American science to confront a deadly threat.
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